Romans 16.
After that reading you might be thinking: a whole sermon on a list of names? Seriously? That’s boring!
Well, hopefully not. Because you see, it’s not just a list of names.
For example, in this church there is a Samual and a Jerusalem, an Eyobed and a Sara, a Christian and a Johanna, a ‘Tori and a Peter, there’s Robyn, and Kolton, Kaleb, Jack, Marit, Glen Egil, Birthe, Mia, LJ, Torgeir, Eirik etc. What do all these names tell you about this church?
We’re an international church! People from all over with nothing in common except Jesus. We are united in the gospel.
And that’s what Paul is doing here. Showing just what he’s been talking about for 15 chapters! That the gospel is by grace for EVERYONE. For Jews and Gentiles, for women and for men, for slaves and free, for the rich and poor, no matter what your background – even if you’re from King Herod’s family, or you work for the Emperor of Rome – you can be saved by Jesus Christ.
You belong.
Isn’t that cool?
People from completely different backgrounds all with one common purpose: to live for Christ. To glorify him with their lives, and to spread the message of the good news, the gospel! That was them then and that is us now.
Not unity for unity’s sake. But unity IN THE GOSPEL.
1. Who’s who in the early church: a celebration of diversity
2. United in the gospel: together for Christ
1. Who’s who in the early church: a celebration of diversity
Remember that this letter was written by Paul to ask the church in Rome to support him. But they didn’t know him and he didn’t know them. So he tells them his message, in great detail, his gospel message which he will be preaching in Spain so that they are on the same page as him. United with him in the gospel. But then he also lists an unusually long greeting to 26 people in all. For two reasons.
1 to commend himself to them. They can vouch for Paul. He’s worth supporting.
2. To show the power of the gospel message. For all. Jew, Gentile, rich, poor, male, female, slave, free, and whatever your political affiliation! Amazing diversity. United in Christ.
Let’s have a look at these names
First, surprisingly, is Phoebe – v1 I commend to you our sister Phoebe, who is a deacon in the church in Cenchrea.
What?! A church leader in the 1st century is a WOMAN? And Paul mentions her FIRST?
Actually, Paul mentions NINE women in this greeting! Misogyny (prejudice against women or hating women) is entirely non-Christian. In fact according to Genesis 3 it is Satanic! In Christ men and women are equal. So she is a church leader.
But God made us different, with different roles and responsibilities. We are equal, but not the same! And we are to honour those differences and respect them. There is a great deal of disrespect and hurt done to women in our society. Women are told that the only good woman is one who acts like a traditional man. How disrespectful and dishonouring can you get? To both men and women. Men and women, praise God, are different. We complement each other. Fulfil each other. Also in the church. We need each other.
So Phoebe is a church leader, but she is a deacon and not an elder. Deacons can be men or women, but elders are only men. What’s the difference? Elders have the overall responsibility for leading the church, and they MUST be men who regularly teach and preach the Bible. Because it is God who actually runs the church through His words. We’re just the messengers. So just like the husband is called to lead the family like Christ, self-sacrificially, and his wife partners him in that – equal, but different roles - so elders are called to carry the burden of leading the church, self-sacrificially, like Christ, and the deacons help the elders in that. Together the elders and deacons make up the leadership of the church, but if things go wrong, it’s the elders’ fault! Like if your family’s a mess – don’t blame your wife – roll up your sleeves and get to work! And pray for grace!
So, Phoebe, a church leader, who is to be v2 welcomed in the Lord as one who is worthy of honour among God’s people. Help her in whatever she needs, for she has been helpful to many, and especially to me.
The word “helpful” is patron or guardian, indicating someone with wealth and power.
So Phoebe is a powerful and rich businesswoman who is happy to “just” be a deacon.
And she carried this letter from Paul to the Roman church. No “posten” those days! If you wanted to send a letter you had to find someone that you could trust who was going there! So Paul trusted Phoebe.
Next on the list is a fantastic Christian husband and wife team. 3 Give my greetings to Priscilla (or Priska) and Aquila, my co-workers in the ministry of Christ Jesus. 4 In fact, they once risked their lives for me. I am thankful to them, and so are all the Gentile churches. 5 Also give my greetings to the church that meets in their home.
We meet them first in Acts 18 in Corinth. They went with Paul on his missionary journey for a while, travelling to Cenchreae (where Phoebe is from). They were leaders of the church. When Apollos came to Corinth Ac 18:26 says “When Priscilla and Aquila heard [Apollos] preaching boldly in the synagogue, they took him aside and explained the way of God even more accurately. Apollos was later one of the elders at Corinth together with Paul! They lived for Christ, even risking their lives to save Paul. The church met in their home. They are always mentioned together, never apart. Their marriage glorified God.
So we have Phoebe, the powerful and wealthy Gentile single woman, and Priscilla and Aquila, the Jewish husband and wife team, also businesspeople (tent-makers, like Paul).
Paul then goes on to name v5 Epenetus, a Gentile name, the first convert of many, still going strong in the Lord. Mary, or Miriam, a Jewish name, a hard-working woman. Andronicus and Junia, another married couple, fellow Jews who were imprisoned together with Paul for the sake of the gospel. v7 says they are highly respected among the apostles or more accurately “outstanding among the apostles” that is, those who were eye-witnesses to Jesus. How cool is that?
v8 Ampliatus and v9 Urbanus and Stachys and v10 Apelles are Latin (Roman) names. Gentiles.
Aristobulus was probably the grandson of King Herod the Great and Heriodion is also a name indicating a link to Herod.
So even amongst the household and family of the king of the Jews, who had rejected Jesus (Herod the Great tried to kill Jesus as a baby, his son Herod Antipas killed John the Baptist and mocked Jesus when Pilate sent him to him at his trial) – even in that horrible family and household – there are believers. Even Herodians can come to Christ!
In v12 we meet the sisters Tryphena and Tryphosa, the Lord’s workers. Their names indicate aristocracy (rich, upper class). Giving that up for the sake of the gospel.
Then “dear Persis”, another single lady, who has worked so hard for the Lord.
v13 I love. Greet Rufus, whom the Lord picked out to be his very own. If we turn back to Mark 15:21 we read A passerby named Simon, who was from Cyrene, was coming in from the countryside just then, and the soldiers forced him to carry Jesus’ cross. (Simon was the father of Alexander and Rufus.).
Isn’t that cool? The man who carried Jesus’ cross believed. And his whole family. Here is Rufus, faithful in Rome. Here is his wife, Rufus’ mother, who has been a mother to Paul! Isn’t God’s mercy amazing?
14 Give my greetings to Asyncritus, Phlegon, Hermes, Patrobas, Hermas, and the brothers and sisters who meet with them. 15 Give my greetings to Philologus, Julia, Nereus and his sister, and to Olympas and all the believers who meet with them. 16 Greet each other with a sacred kiss. All the churches of Christ send you their greetings.
So, not a boring list of names, but a mighty celebration of the power of the gospel to bring people together! “Come as you are” indeed.
Those names tell us a lot about the early church:
· its surprising diversity: Jews, Gentiles, men women, singles, marrieds, rich, poor, slaves, free
· its surprising equality: men and women described as leaders in the church, husbands and wives mentioned together, women praised, Jews and Gentiles mentioned with equal love, and
· its surprising unity: all in different ways serving the same mission: to glorify God. Some through leading churches, some in business, some risking prison, some carrying letters. Living for Jesus and spreading the gospel.
Who’s who in the early church: a celebration of diversity
What does that then mean for us? How can we apply this passage? First: Anyone can be saved. No matter your background or religion or politics – you can be saved! So who do we think can’t be saved? Who do you know that you’ve written off because they’re Rødt or they’re Fremskrittsparti or Muslim or Hindu or atheist or pansexual or Filipino or too old or too young or… whatever.
We know what the gospel says – and this list of names is proof. There is always hope.
Perhaps there is someone you’d like to pray for during the communion.
Second: No matter who we are we can be used for Christ. It’s not only the rich, or the men, or the women, or the Jews, or those who’ve grown up in Christian families or… whatever excuse you use to think that God can’t use YOU.
Each of us with a part to play, like a puzzle piece – we’ve all got our spot, our gift, our service.
So what is it that holding you back? What excuse are you using?
Decide today to serve. Start where you are and use what you’ve got. How can I serve God in my home, at work, at school, in my family, at church? Do something, and see what happens. No matter how small. Start. And see.
We need each other. For we stand together for Christ.
2. United in the gospel: together for Christ
17 And now I make one more appeal, my dear brothers and sisters. Watch out for people who cause divisions and upset people’s faith by teaching things contrary to what you have been taught. Stay away from them. 18 Such people are not serving Christ our Lord; they are serving their own personal interests. By smooth talk and glowing words they deceive innocent people.
The church is fantastically diverse! And unity is so important. But that unity is not just unity for unity’s sake. It is unity in the gospel. And that needs to be defended.
That’s why Paul outlines the gospel so clearly. As he says in 15:15 “I have written to you quite boldly!”. And why after the celebration of unity in diversity of the past 16 verses, the Holy Spirit inspires him to warn us to protect that unity.
Watch out. Stay away. Strong words! They cause division. They deceive.
Because unity can be evil. Think about the Tower of Babel: humanity united against God. And that lead to judgement. Chaos and confusion.
If we want true unity, we need to know the Gospel. We need, as Romans has shown us, clear teaching. We need to know and live out the Gospel: we need to obey the words of the Lord, we need to be quick to forgive each other as Christ as forgiven us, to love each other as He has loved us – true, real, unity flows out from the gospel.
And that means rejecting or silencing or disciplining false teachers or sinful ideas. So if you see us doing that as leaders in this church, be thankful. And if we are accused of not being united, of being divisive, thank the Lord, for we are contending for the gospel.
And pray for us, that we ARE contending for the gospel, and not just being arrogant!
I must point out that this is difficult for us as Norwegians for we are very consensus-driven. Unity at all costs. But that is not what we believe as Christians. And this has damaged the church so much when we have not protected gospel unity and instead had fake unity.
18 Such people are not serving Christ our Lord; they are serving their own personal interests. By smooth talk and glowing words they deceive innocent people.
We must listen to what people are actually saying. What are they teaching, and how does that affect their life? Are they living for Christ, or for themselves? Do their sermons bring glory to them. Put the focus on them as the gurus, the holy people?
Do they speak clearly and plainly, or is it confusing and mysterious and secretive? Smooth talk and glowing words. Watch out for teachers and preachers who make you feel good but say nothing! Those who tell you of their experiences and use that as an authority for teaching. No. We need God’s word, not someone else’s. Tell me what He thinks, not you. And tell me clearly and plainly in a way that I can understand, and that I can see where you get it from in the Bible.
19 But everyone knows that you are obedient to the Lord. This makes me very happy. I want you to be wise in doing right and to stay innocent of any wrong. 20 The God of peace will soon crush Satan under your feet. May the grace of our Lord Jesus be with you.
We are in a battle. But as we remain faithful to God and His gospel, Satan is “soon” or “swiftly” crushed. If we are not swayed from our secure foundation, Satan has no way to get us. He is defeated.
So, we are united in the gospel: together for Christ. And the final remarks show that
21 Timothy, my fellow worker, sends you his greetings, as do Lucius, Jason, and Sosipater, my fellow Jews. 22 I, Tertius, the one writing this letter for Paul, send my greetings, too, as one of the Lord’s followers. 23 Gaius says hello to you. He is my host and also serves as host to the whole church. Erastus, the city treasurer, sends you his greetings, and so does our brother Quartus.
25 Now all glory to God, who is able to make you strong, just as my Good News says. This message about Jesus Christ has revealed his plan for you Gentiles, a plan kept secret from the beginning of time. 26 But now as the prophets foretold and as the eternal God has commanded, this message is made known to all Gentiles everywhere, so that they too might believe and obey him. 27 All glory to the only wise God, through Jesus Christ, forever. Amen.
Amen indeed. What a letter this has been. And what a reminder right at the end that whether Jew or Gentile, rich or poor, upper class or lower class, single or married, woman or man: we are equal in Christ, united in the proclamation of the gospel. Fantastic.
So - are we united in the gospel? Is our church showing this gospel diversity and gospel unity. Where can we be better at crossing those difficult social and cultural boundaries?
I want to ask you: are there ways we can be better? Do you feel side-lined or marginalised. Think about how things can be better, and then come with some ideas and we can see if we can do it together. Don’t just sit and feel lonely or out. Because we don’t know how you feel or why because we are not you. Not your culture, not your background. So speak. But not just moaning - think about possible solutions. Because you’re also the best for that!
The more we can stand united in our diversity, united in Christ, the better. And people will notice. Not just surface unity. But real unity.
1. Who’s who in the early church: a celebration of diversity.
Anyone can be saved. Who do you need to pray for?
Everyone has a part to play. What’s your excuse. What’s holding you back? Ask God to help you get started.
2. United in the gospel: together for Christ
How can we get more inclusive in this church? Pray for wisdom.
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